1. Introduction :
According to a recent estimate, about 30 percent of the world’s surface is land. This may seem like a large number, but it actually represents a relatively small amount of the Earth’s total surface area. The rest of the Earth’s surface is made up of water, which covers about 70 percent of the planet.
The land surface of the Earth is made up of a variety of different types of terrain. Some of the most common types of land include deserts, forests, grasslands, and mountains. Each type of land has its own unique features and characteristics.
Deserts are dry, barren areas of land that receive very little rainfall. They are often home to a variety of plants and animals that are adapted to the harsh conditions.
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Forests are areas of land that are densely covered with trees. They are home to a diverse array of plant and animal life.
Grasslands are areas of land that are mostly covered in grasses. They are found in locations all over the world and are home to a variety of different animals.
2. The lithosphere :
The lithosphere is the solid outermost shell of a rocky planet, and makes up the planet’s crust. The lithosphere is about 100 km thick, although its thickness varies depending on the planet. Earth’s lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle. The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates.
3. The biosphere :
The biosphere is the sum of all the Earth’s ecosystems. It includes all the living organisms on Earth, as well as the dead organic matter they produce. The biosphere extends from the deepest roots of the tallest trees to the upper atmosphere. It is divided into several distinct layers, each with its own unique climate and organisms.
The biosphere is essential for life on Earth. It regulates the Earth’s climate, provides food and shelter for all living things, and recycles nutrients that keep ecosystems healthy. The biosphere is also home to an incredible diversity of life, from microscopic bacteria to giant blue whales.
Humans are an integral part of the biosphere. We rely on the biosphere for our food, water, and air. We also impact the biosphere through our activities, like deforestation and pollution. The health of the biosphere is essential for our survival, and we must work to protect it.
4. The hydrosphere :
The hydrosphere is the water on or near the surface of the planet Earth. It includes all the water in the oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. The hydrosphere also includes the water in the atmosphere, including clouds and precipitation. The study of the hydrosphere is called hydrology.
The hydrosphere is a vital part of the Earth’s climate system. Water vapor in the atmosphere helps to regulate the Earth’s temperature. The oceans are a major store of heat, helping to moderate the Earth’s climate. The hydrological cycle, which is the movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans, is a major factor in the Earth’s climate.
The hydrosphere is a finite resource. Although the Earth’s supply of water is constantly replenished by the hydrological cycle, the demand for water is increasing. This is due to the growing population and the increased use of water for agriculture, industry, and energy production. As a result, the availability of freshwater is becoming a major concern in many parts of the world.
5. The atmosphere :
The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds the planet and is held in place by the planet’s gravity. The atmosphere protects the planet from the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation and from meteoroids and other space debris. The atmosphere also plays a role in the planet’s climate by trapping heat from the Sun.
The atmosphere is made up of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and argon. The atmosphere also contains trace amounts of other gases, such as methane, ammonia, and hydrogen.
6. Conclusion :
In conclusion, it is estimated that approximately 29.2% of the Earth’s surface is land. This leaves approximately 70.8% of the Earth’s surface as water. These percentages are constantly changing as the Earth’s surface is constantly changing.
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